Khufu’s Folly — Or How I Learned to Live With Interment

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Estimated time to read:

11–16 minutes

All con­ver­sa­tions in this sto­ry have been trans­lat­ed from hiero­glyph­ic to English for the con­ve­nience of the reader.


Imhotep approached the roy­al pavil­ion, hav­ing been sum­moned by his most illus­tri­ous pharaoh, Khufu.  A wor­ried wrin­kle adorned his brow since one could nev­er be sure why a sum­mons had been issued, and the end result of many of them had led to behead­ings or pre­ma­ture burial.

“Imhotep, how good to see you.  Please come in out of the hot sun,” the pharaoh lib­er­al­ly gushed as his des­ig­nat­ed archi­tect stepped into the cool­ing shade and posi­tioned him­self before the throne of the exalt­ed one.

Imhotep’s sigh of relief was bare­ly vis­i­ble as he knelt, his white skirt spread­ing and con­trast­ing sharply with his tanned fea­tures.  Behind him was a slight wake of sand from his san­dals, a wake that was, even then, being swept away by the king’s handmaidens.

“Thank you, your most impe­r­i­al radi­ant majesty, son of the Sun.  It is indeed a great hon­or to be sum­moned to your exalt­ed presence.”

“Knock it off, Im.  You should know by now that we can speak to one anoth­er on the same lev­el, and those unnec­es­sary com­pli­ments won’t earn you one addi­tion­al far­thing in archi­tec­tur­al fees.  You may refer to me sim­ply as ‘Your Highness’.”

“Yes, Your Highness.  Uh, what’s a farthing?”

“Never mind.  Listen, I’ve got a new com­mis­sion for you, some­thing I think you’ll real­ly glom onto since all you’ve been doing late­ly are those ter­ri­bly bor­ing mastabas.  Are you busy at the moment?”

“No, Your Highness.  As you not­ed, just a few mastabas on the draw­ing papyrus, although the pos­si­bil­i­ty of some new obelisks looks promising.”

“How bor­ing these roy­al com­mis­sions are,” thought Imhotep to him­self, nev­er dar­ing to voice such thoughts.  “The papyrus-work on those jobs is just phe­nom­e­nal.  Pay records, acci­dent reports, dai­ly progress records, CPM sched­ule updates.  What fool­ish­ness it is to keep such detailed records on every labor­er who gets crushed by a falling stone or drowns when a barge sinks or gets eat­en by a croc­o­dile.  And all the safe­ty reg­u­la­tions.  Leather skull caps.  Bronze-toed san­dals.  No won­der pyra­mid build­ing is on the decline.  These roy­al reg­u­la­tions are run­ning costs right through the roof.  And the roy­al pay scales and envi­ron­men­tal impact state­ments don’t help any either.”

Imhotep’s rever­ie was abrupt­ly inter­rupt­ed by the voice of Khufu, “Say, Im, get with it boy.  I want to get start­ed on this right away.  I need your full attention.”

“Yes, Your Highness.  Sorry.  What did you have in mind?  A new tem­ple?  Canal works?  Perhaps a pro­ces­sion­al avenue or a new sphinx?  I have some real­ly nifty sketch­es for some new designs fea­tur­ing your like­ness on bod­ies of dif­fer­ent ani­mals, like ele­phants and giraffes, even monkeys.”

“Caution var­let,” warned the pharaoh. “Placing the vis­age of the high one on cer­tain types of ani­mals might be con­sid­ered a bit too controversial.”

“Of course, Your Highness.  Sorry.  Perhaps I’ve car­ried ‘artis­tic license’ a bit too far.  Uh, what’s a varlet?”

“Never mind.  And as for ‘artis­tic license’, just keep in mind that I’m the one who issues those licenses.

“And all those projects you list­ed are sim­ply too passé. I want a pyra­mid that will dwarf all those that have come before.”

“Oh, Ra,” thought Imhotep.  “Not anoth­er pyra­mid.  Haven’t those things been over­done already?  And the con­struc­tion peri­od inevitably stretch­es out over decades, which means that, if the pharaoh dies before it’s com­plet­ed, the whole con­fig­u­ra­tion might have to change.  After all, look at what hap­pened over at Dashur with Snefru’s pyra­mid when the sides were designed too steep and they had to change the angle after two-thirds was already com­plete.  Now they call it the ‘bent pyra­mid.’ No won­der the architect’s name was nev­er inscribed on that one.  He was prob­a­bly shut in with the pharaoh’s corpse for not meet­ing the occu­pan­cy dead­line.  The attri­tion rate among roy­al archi­tects is absolute­ly incred­i­ble, includ­ing those who sim­ply get buried with the pharaoh so that the secrets of the entrances won’t get revealed.”

Imhotep returned to reality. 

“Very well, Your Highness.  Did you have any­thing spe­cial in mind?”  Pharaohs always did.  “Or shall I pre­pare some sketch­es for you to look at?”

“I think that would be an excel­lent idea, Im.  I have some ideas of my own (an inward groan by Imhotep) but we can dis­cuss them over your sketch­es.  I do know that I don’t want any­thing like that mon­stros­i­ty over at Dashur.  That’s what hap­pens when you don’t have a prop­er CPM pro­gram.  I want some­thing tru­ly grand, tru­ly mon­u­men­tal.  A real gut­sy gov­ern­ment pro­gram.  By the way, who was the archi­tect for Snefru?  I nev­er heard his name men­tioned after the project was finished.

“I’m . . . not sure, Your Highness,” said Imhotep, look­ing sheep­ish­ly from under his brows as he backed from the audi­ence cham­ber, instinc­tive­ly aware that the audi­ence was over, and not want­i­ng to be drawn into a dis­cus­sion about Dashur.  Such dis­cus­sions inevitably led to talk about the hor­ror at Meidum where they tried to erect a pyra­mid over a masta­ba and the out­side collapsed.


Several days lat­er, Imhotep was ush­ered – if that’s what one can call being escort­ed by two burly guards wield­ing spears – into the pres­ence of the great one.

“Well, archi­tect, have you some­thing to show me?” inquired Khufu as Imhotep strug­gled to keep the many rolls of papyrus con­tained and walk at the same time.  Imhotep got a shiv­er of pride when­ev­er he heard him­self referred to as “archi­tect,” and his white skirt was bare­ly able to con­tain the goose­bumps that flowed over him.

“Yes, O great deity of the sun, radi­ant majesty.  I have con­trived some designs which may please you.  Shall I unroll them for you?”

“By all means. But let me warn you once again, Im.  If you insist on mak­ing your entrances with these unnec­es­sary remarks about my exalt­ed­ness, you’ll like­ly find your­self on the Nubian fron­tier design­ing revet­ments.  Now, let’s see what you have.”

As Imhotep unrolled the many papyri, Khufu descend­ed from his throne and helped lay the draw­ings flat, scur­ry­ing about on his hands and knees with eager antic­i­pa­tion as each roll was opened, and he and Imhotep tried rather vain­ly to keep the rolls open as they tend­ed to close them­selves unaided.

“Let’s get some ewers on the ends of this roll, Your Highness, to hold it down,” sug­gest­ed Imhotep as he reached for var­i­ous objects around the roy­al cham­ber to serve as end weights. “How about we get a cou­ple of your viziers or hand­maid­ens to stand on this one and let’s put this end under the throne leg.”

“Okay,” replied Khufu, “but let me lift the throne.  You know that, as a mere mor­tal, you aren’t allowed to touch it.  If you did, I would have no choice but to place you in the iron maiden.”

“Of course, Your Highness.  Uh, what’s an iron maiden?”

“Never mind.  Damn these papyrus rolls,” com­plained the king.  “Once you roll one up, you can nev­er get it to lay flat again.  Hasn’t any­one ever thought about using flat pages?”

“The papyri are at least bet­ter than clay tablets,” waxed Imhotep philo­soph­i­cal­ly. “And much lighter, too.  I would have need­ed a wheel­bar­row to haul in clay tablets with all these sketches.”

“Indeed,” agreed Khufu.  Uh, what’s a wheelbarrow?”

“Never mind,” respond­ed Imhotep, tread­ing per­ilous­ly close to unac­cept­able informality.

“I didn’t know what size or shape you had in mind, Your Highness, so I have drawn up sev­er­al sizes and styles for you to inspect.  You will notice that I have includ­ed some scale human fig­ures to help you gauge the pro­posed sizes.”

“I can see that quite well, Im, but why do all your fig­ures have their arms bent that fun­ny way? 

They all look like walk­ing ‘Zs’.  And they all have their faces to the side.  Can’t you ever draw a three-quar­ter view?”

“What’s a three-quar­ter view?”

“Never mind.  Most of these are too small, and that stepped job went out with Zoser.  Really, Im, you must keep up with the times.”

“I try, Your Highness, but the trade mag­a­zines take up so many papyrus rolls that I can’t afford the postage, and I wind up not know­ing what oth­er archi­tects through­out the king­dom are doing.  Anyway, let’s get some of these excess rolls out of the way.”

CRASH!

“I wish you had let the vizier know you were going to release that end.  I don’t like them sprawled all over the roy­al floor like that.  It isn’t very regal.”

Khufu con­tin­ued to pore over the remain­ing scrolls, obliv­i­ous to his vizier being uncer­e­mo­ni­ous­ly dragged from the room by two guards.

“This one with the apex on the bot­tom is rather nice and cer­tain­ly a depar­ture from con­ven­tion, but don’t you think bal­ance would be a prob­lem? Once the ramps are removed, wouldn’t it just top­ple over?”

“Well, don’t for­get this is only a pre­lim­i­nary con­cept.  If you like it, we can work out the tech­ni­cal prob­lems lat­er,” respond­ed Imhotep.

“No, no.  it lacks a feel­ing of per­ma­nence.  What else have we here? Hmmm.”

“Find some­thing you like, Your Highness?”

“Yeah, I kin­da like this one, even though it’s like so many oth­ers that have been done.  You’ve made some change, haven’t you? Something small, I can tell, but I can’t quite put my fin­ger on it.”

“You’re absolute­ly right, Your Highness.  I knew your fal­con eye would dis­cov­er it.  Remember what hap­pened over at Meidum?” Imhotep hur­ried on, wal­low­ing in his momen­tary importance.

“They had the side angles too steep, and the cas­ing fell off?  I’ve low­ered the side angles to fifty-one degrees fifty-two min­utes so that won’t hap­pen again.  This pyra­mid will last four thou­sand years. At least.”

“Don’t be fool­ish, Im.  Nothing lasts that long.  All I care about is whether it will last long enough to pay off the mort­gage and for me to reunite with the gods.”

“Most assured­ly, Your Highness.”  Imhotep was now pick­ing up the tem­po, and his rel­ish for the sit­u­a­tion was eas­i­ly discernible.

After Khufu had mused over the pro­posed design, he said, “Okay, I think this one will do fine, archi­tect.”  At the word ‘archi­tect,’ Imhotep’s goose­bumps returned.

“Now I want this to be real­ly big,” con­tin­ued Khufu. “In fact, I’d like for you to use so much stone that that upstart, Khafre, won’t be able to quar­ry enough to build any­thing big­ger.  I know him well and he’s such a snit that he’s bound to copy what­ev­er I do.  What size do you fig­ure would be appro­pri­ate to dis­play the true great­ness of my reign?”

“Oh, Your Highness, if we were to attempt a struc­ture of the appro­pri­ate size, we would be build­ing for hun­dreds of years,” said Imhotep, gush­ing with flat­tery. However, I was think­ing in terms of 503 cubits on each side and 321 cubits high.  How does that strike you?”

“What’s a cubit?” inquired the pharaoh.

“Never mind,” dared the increas­ing­ly con­fi­dent archi­tect.  “How about 755 feet on each side by 481 feet high?”

Khufu stroked his chin, and some of the fake whiskers float­ed gen­tly to the floor as he pon­dered the scale of the pro­pos­al.  “How close to these dimen­sions can you build?”

“Close enough to make future gen­er­a­tions mar­vel at the majesty of your rule, most exalt­ed one.”

“Watch it, Im.  You’re slip­ping again.  Tell me more about it.”

“Well, I’ve got fig­ures here on a three-sided and a four-sided pyra­mid.  Which one do you think you might pre­fer?  The four-sided one is so passé now.  May I rec­om­mend the three-sided one?”

“Passé per­haps, archi­tect (Imhotep’s chilblains could have cooled the room), but I have a great aver­sion to odd num­bers.  Let’s stick with the four-sided one for now.  That way, we can ori­ent the faces to the car­di­nal points.”

“I don’t know any­thing about car­di­nal points, Your Highness.  Could we just ori­ent it so that each of the sides faces north, south, east, and west?”

“We must not tempt the gods, Im.  Remember the old saying:

A pyra­mid in tune
With the sun and the moon
Its res­i­dent will keep
In eons of sleep.

“Perhaps you’re right, Your Highness.”

“PERHAPS? Perhaps, you say? Tread soft­ly there, knave, lest you ques­tion the wis­dom of your pharaoh.”

“Of course, Your Highness.  No insult intend­ed.  Uh, what’s a knave?”

“Never mind.  What else can you tell me about this pyramid?”

“For the four-sided one, it will cov­er about five, point three hectares . . .”

“Huh?”

“Thirteen point one acres, Your Highness.”

“Oh.”

“And it will take about 2.3 mil­lion blocks of stone aver­ag­ing two-and-a-half tons.”

“Long, short, or met­ric?” inquired the pharaoh.

“Oh, def­i­nite­ly ‘long’, Your Highness.  As you know, only those bar­bar­ic Nubians and Lydians have adopt­ed the met­ric sys­tem so far and what do they know?  And your high coun­cil of viziers has sug­gest­ed a peri­od of ten years to study the met­ric sys­tem to see if it has any potential.”

“Two point three mil­lion, eh?  Boy, that ought to put a dent in the quar­ry.  Now, how about the entrance?

“As tra­di­tion dic­tates, Your Highness, it will be locat­ed on the north face . . .”

“That’s fine, fine.  But can we place it fair­ly high up, say fifty-five feet or so?”

“Of course, Your Highness.  Anywhere you wish.  But why so high?  No one will ever come to vis­it you.”

“I’ll be dead, remem­ber? Hardly in a posi­tion to know if there are any vis­i­tors.  And you know how fam­i­ly are.  They nev­er come to see you when you’re gone.  No more gifts of myrrh or acan­thus.  No ani­mal sacrifices.” 

The pharaoh’s eyes seemed to water some as he spoke.

Regaining his com­po­sure, he con­tin­ued, “Besides, you know how the thieves are in this neigh­bor­hood.  As soon as you’re put away, they come take all the pret­ty things one absolute­ly must have to enter the afterlife.”

“As you wish, Your Highness.”  Imhotep jot­ted down entrance, north face, 55 feet up in the mar­gin of the papyrus.

“How long do you sched­ule for the build­ing?” asked the pharaoh.

“Four to six years, Your Highness.  No more.”

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“Okay, but I want liq­ui­dat­ed dam­ages in the contract.”

“It shall be done, Your Highness.”


Of course, every­one knows it took twen­ty-three years to build Khufu’s pyra­mid, and as a con­se­quence of the liq­ui­dat­ed dam­ages clause, both the con­trac­tor and Imhotep were liquidated.

But Imhotep was nev­er­the­less con­sid­ered to be a great archi­tect. He was sub­se­quent­ly dei­fied and his name lives on, inscribed on obelisks and columns all over Egypt — along with ser­pents, birds, eyes and oth­er fun­ny lit­tle squig­gly lines.

And as for Khufu?  Well, his grand­chil­dren took his body from the pyra­mid and gave him a prop­er Christian bur­ial some­where out in the desert where the thieves couldn’t find him, and the Greeks came along and gave him the new name of Cheops because they had a fun­ny alpha­bet and couldn’t pro­nounce Khufu, per­sist­ing in say­ing Ka-hoo-few.  But the Romans – who came along lat­er – kept pro­nounc­ing it as Chee-ops instead of Ke-ops, so they weren’t all that smart either.

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