Ancient Egyptians believed Ma’at (pronounced Muh-ah), the Goddess of Balance and Order, to be the child of the Sun God, Ra, born after he rose from the waters of chaos to create the world.
The 42 Laws of Ma’at are a set of divine edicts transcribed around 2925 BCE, written as a guide towards living an ordered, balanced life. Printed in hieroglyphics on a scroll, Ma’at’s Laws were discovered in 1888 in Luxor, Egypt.
The Egyptians revered the connection between the mundane and the sacred. Some of Ma’at’s Laws seem fairly easy to follow (I have not slain men or women, I have not committed robbery with violence, I have not committed adultery). Others fill me with dread (I have not closed my ears to truth, I have not made anyone cry, I have not cursed anyone in thought, word, or deed). I’m fairly certain that by Ma’at’s standards, most of us would be denied entrance into the Island of the Blessed.
It was thought that Anubis, the jackal-headed Egyptian God of the Underworld, will weigh our heart against Ma’at’s ostrich feather when we die. If our heart knew mostly compassion, grace, and gratitude, then the scales balance, and we shall be granted everlasting life in the Fields of Hetep and Iaru. If our heart is too heavy with regret, anger, and unresolved sorrow, the scale will tip downward and our heart thrown into a dark abyss for all eternity (in fact, if you were important enough to be mummified, the heart was likely the only organ that was placed back into your body to be buried with you).
I recently re-read the 1979 science-fiction classic The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams. In it, the supercomputer Deep Thought is asked the meaning of life, the universe, and everything. The final answer to this ultimate question, according to Deep Thought? 42.
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In my Master’s program for Library Science, I had to learn ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), the basic computer code language. In it, every letter, number, and character on a keyboard is assigned an integer between 1 and 127. For example, capital A is 65, and lowercase a is 97. Guess what 42 is? The asterisk.*
Because Adams was a technology nerd, I thought this meant he was saying that the answer to anything is whatever you make it. You see, an asterisk is a wildcard character. It is occasionally used to signify additional information, like a footnote. More often though, an asterisk is used as an omission, like to spell f#ck or to hide a typed password. It’s a placeholder for something else. So 42, in code, means whatever the reader mentally fills it in with.
But rereading The Hitchhiker’s Guide now, I keep coming back to Ma’at and her 42 rules for life. Even if it was an unintended coincidence on Adams’s part, I am enamored with the idea that humans should strive for more balance and harmony. Ma’at personified the Noble Ideal, the collective divine attributes of truth, balance, order, lightness, harmony, and loving-kindness, placing the moral responsibility of order on each of our shoulders.
Ma’at isn’t a random number. It’s an ideal; the consummate life we should all strive for, bringing lightness and harmony to our hearts, our community, and our world.

*Be sure to Google the meaning of life, the universe, and everything. Also, ask Siri and Alexa multiple times.

